What is Validation?

Validation is a method of communicating with and helping disoriented very old people. It is a practical way of working that helps reduce stress, enhance dignity and increase happiness. Validation is built on an empathetic attitude and a holistic view of individuals. When one can "step into the shoes" of another human being and "see through their eyes," one can step into the world of disoriented very old people and understand the meaning of their sometimes bizarre behavior.

Validation theory explains that many very old disoriented people, who are often diagnosed as having Alzheimer type dementia, are in the final stage of life, trying to resolve unfinished issues in order to die in peace. Their final struggle is important and we, as caregivers, can help them. Using Validation techniques we offer disoriented elderly an opportunity to express what they wish to express whether it is verbal or non-verbal communication. Validation practitioners are caring, non-judgemental and open to the feelings that are expressed. When disoriented elderly can express the things that have often been suppressed for many years, the intensity of the feelings lessen, people communicate more and are less likely to withdraw into further stages of disorientation.

Validation has four basic components

1. Validation is a theory that very old people struggle to resolve unfinished life issues before death. Their behavior is age-specific. Their movements reflect human needs.
2. Validation is a way of classifying their behaviors into four progressive stages:
   • Malorientation- Expressing past conflicts in disguised forms.
   • Time confusion- No longer holding onto reality; retreating inward.
   • Repetitive motion- Movements replace words and are used to work through unresolved conflicts
   • Vegetation- Shuts out world completely and gives up trying to resolve living
3. Validation includes physical, psychosocial and social characteristics, and helping techniques for individuals in each stage.
4. Validation includes specific techniques for forming a Validation group. A Validation group is a highly structured group of five to ten individuals, designed to stimulate energy, social interaction, and social roles.

Ten Principles of Validation

1. All people are unique and should be treated as individuals.
2. All people are valuable, no matter how disoriented they are.
3. There is a reason behind the behavior of disoriented old people.
4. Behavior in old age is not only a function of changes in the brain's anatomy, but reflects physical, social and psychological changes that take place during the lifespan.
5. Behaviors of older people can be changed only if the person wants to change them.
6. Old people should be accepted non-judgmentally.
7. Each stage of life has particular life tasks to be completed. Failure to complete these tasks may lead to psychological problems.
8. When recent memory fails, older adults restore balance to their lives by retrieving memories from the past.
9. Painful feelings that are expressed, acknowledged and validated by a trusted listener will diminish. Painful feelings that are ignored will gain strength.
10. Empathy builds trust, reduces anxiety and restores dignity.